China US Photo:VCGAmerican scientists have voiced opposition to a proposed rule which seeks to ban federal funding for US science collaboration with China, saying that it would instead hurt US interest, the Washington Post reported on Tuesday. Chinese experts also warned that the slew of US restrictions on China-US scientific cooperation is unlikely to deal a fatal blow to China's scientific development, but could instead backfire on the US.
The proposed Office of Management and Budget (OMB) rule, set to take effect in December, would mark one of the biggest overhauls of US science funding in decades, giving political appointees greater authority over grant awards previously guided by scientific peer review and requiring that they "advance the President's policy priorities," according to the Washington Post.
It would also effectively expand the 2011 Wolf Amendment, which bars scientists from using NASA funding for bilateral collaborations with China, to all federal agencies and scientists receiving federal funds, marking the largest break in US-China scientific engagement in decades, the US media outlet reported.
So far, the proposed rule has garnered nearly half a million public comments, many from scientists and leading US science bodies. A Washington Post analysis of 50,000 of those comments found that around 88 percent were negative.
The rule, initially set to take effect in October, was pushed back to December after a bipartisan stopgap funding bill temporarily halted its adoption. Unlike the Wolf Amendment, the rule does not require congressional approval to take effect.
"I do think there are still members of Congress who think we have a monopoly on knowledge. They think we're still in the Cold War Soviet era ... where we were ahead in most areas of science and technology. That is not the case with China. We are no longer the leader in many areas of science," said Tobin Smith, senior vice president for government relations and public policy at the Association for American Universities, which advocates on behalf of leading US research universities, per the Washington Post.
Scientists warn that the rule risks subjecting long-term scientific research to four-year political cycles. "We will not succeed if with every new administration we are ping-ponging back and forth about priorities," the American Association for the Advancement of Science said in a blistering comment, urging the administration to withdraw the rule. "Fast-tracking such profound changes ... hands an easy victory to nations like China," it said, the Washington Post reported.
This reflects a fundamental divide between the US government and the scientific community over how science should develop, Wang Yiwei, a professor at Renmin University of China's School of International Studies, told the Global Times. He noted that politicians tend to believe that suppressing China as a competitor would allow the US to preserve its market dominance and technological edge.
Scientists, however, tend to follow a different logic, as scientific progress depends on openness, exchanges and collaboration. If science and technology are driven solely by competition and private capital, with the ultimate goal of maintaining technological monopolies, this could create greater risks and ultimately undermine US interests as well, Wang said.
The proposed rule change is the latest salvo in a broader battle in Washington over how to respond to China's rise as a scientific superpower. In July, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) also moved to ban collaborations between scientist it funds and many Chinese research institutions and their employees, according to Science magazine.
Liu Shaoshan, director of the Center for Embodied AI at the Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society and a former US-based researcher, told the Global Times in a previous interview that the NSF's new proposed rules created a "talent wall," arguing that restrictions based on nationality, institutional affiliation, and research partnerships could reduce the global talent pool available to the US, weaken its ability to attract leading scientists, and slow scientific innovation.
Liu also said scientific advancement relies not only on discovery but also on the exchange, validation, and dissemination of knowledge.
Wang also said China has built significant strengths through its vast pool of scientists and engineers, complete industrial chains and massive application scenarios, while increasingly moving from application-oriented innovation toward original research. Against this backdrop, US technological blockades and restrictions on cooperation are unlikely to halt China's progress, but could instead isolate American scientists from China's latest research and collaboration opportunities. Such an approach could also prevent the two countries from leveraging their respective strengths and ultimately undermine US competitiveness, Wang said.
。根据该标准，互联网上的短视频平台实现了内容先审核后播出的系统。

二 | 规范规定，网络短视频平台还应建立总编辑的内容管理责任制，网络短视频平台应根据业务规模建立审核员队伍。网络短视频平台实现了节目内容先审核后播出的系统。所有在平台上播放的短视频在播放前都要经过审核，包括片名、引言、弹幕、评论等。《条例》还规定，网络短视频平台应当履行著作权保护职责，不得擅自剪切、改编、改编电影、电视剧、网络电影、网络剧等各类广播电视视听作品；不得传播各类广播电视视听作品。

三 | UGC上传的电影、电视剧、网络电影、网络剧等个人作品，不得取得PGC机构提供的著作权证书。在此情况下，也禁止转发PGC组织上传的电影、电视剧、网络电影、网络剧等各类音像作品。以下为《短视频平台管理规范》全文：短视频服务网络平台应符合本规范。

四 | 通用规范1。短视频业务的网络平台应具备AVSP等法律法规规定的相关资质，并严格在许可证规定的业务范围内开展业务。网络短视频平台应积极引进党政军等主流新闻媒体和组织开设账户，提高短视频内容供给的正向质量。网络短视频平台应建立总编辑的内容管理责任制。网络短视频平台实现了内容先审核后广播的系统。所有在平台上播放的短视频在播放前都要经过审核，包括片名、引言、弹幕、评论等。为了在网络平台上开发短视频业务，应根据业务规模同步建立政治素质高、业务能力强的审计机构。审核员由省级以上广播电视行政部门培训，审核员人数与上传、播放的短视频数量相匹配。原则上，审核员的数量应该是每天在这个平台上播放的新短片数量的千分之一以上。不符合本准则的，实行责任追究制度。上传（合作）账户管理标准1。

五 | 网络短视频平台对在本平台注册账户上传节目的受试者实施实名认证管理系统。对于从组织注册帐户（以下简称PGC）上传的节目，应验证组织代码卡等信息；对于从个人注册帐户（以下简称UGC）上传的节目，应验证身份卡等个人身份信息。网络短视频平台在开通上传功能前，应与本平台注册的组织账户和个人账户签订合作协议，以反映本代码的要求。对于持有“信息网络通信视听节目许可证”的PC机构，平台应监督其上传的节目是否在许可证规定的业务范围内。超出许可范围上传的，停止与该程序的合作。未取得“信息网络通信视听节目许可证”的PC组织上传的节目只能作为短视频平台的节目素材，供平台审核和授权。网络短视频平台应建立“非法上传账号列表数据库”。每周三次以上上传包含非法内容程序的UGC账户和主要非法内容程序的UGC账户。平台应将其身份信息、虚拟人物、账户名称等信息纳入“非法和非法上传账户列表数据库”。各网络短视频平台实现了“非法和非法上传账号列表数据库”的信息共享机制。对于列入“非法和非法上传账号名单”的，各网络短视频平台不得在规定时间内为其开通上传账号。根据非法上传行为的严重性，“非法上传账户名单”中所列人员的禁播日期分别为一年、三年和永久。

六 | 内容管理标准1.在短视频网络平台的内容布局中，要以弘扬社会主义核心价值观为重点，加强正面话题的设置，加强正面能量内容的建设和储备。网络短视频平台应当履行著作权保护职责。

七 | 不得擅自剪切、改编电影、电视剧、网络电影、网络剧等广播电视视听作品；不得转发教资会上传的电影、电视剧、网络电影、网络剧等广播电视视听作品；未经著作权，不得擅自剪切、改编。PGC机构提供的证书。禁止转发PGC组织上传的电影、电视剧、网络电影、网络剧等各类音像作品。网络短视频平台应当遵守国家有关新闻节目管理的规定，不得转发教资委上传的当前政治、社会新闻短视频节目；不得传输未经验证的PGC组织上传的当前政治、社会新闻短视频节目。